Tackling Health Inequities in Latin America and the Caribbean: Insights from Dr. Jarbas Barbosa
MEXICO (CMC) — At the recent inauguration of the Mexican National Institute of Public Health’s (INSP) 20th Public Health Research Congress 2025, Dr. Jarbas Barbosa, the Director of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), delivered a powerful message about the pressing public health challenges facing Latin America and the Caribbean. His insights are particularly relevant as the region grapples with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing health disparities.
Dr. Barbosa opened his lecture, titled “The Priority Health Agenda in Latin America and the Caribbean,” by highlighting a stark reality: “The region of the Americas is the most inequitable in the world.” He pointed out the vast differences in health outcomes between nations, from the wealth of the United States to the struggles of Haiti, where political and social instability severely impacts health conditions.
He didn’t shy away from discussing internal inequities within countries, emphasizing that “disparities in health indicators and outcomes, such as mortality, are a fundamental characteristic of our region.” This means that many vulnerable populations face barriers to accessing health services, which can lead to dire consequences.
One of the most pressing issues Dr. Barbosa addressed is the ageing population. He noted that in 2015, only 8% of the population was over 60 years old, but by 2030, that number will rise to one in six. “This demographic shift places additional pressure on our public services,” he warned, stressing the need for systems that ensure these extra years are healthy and fulfilling.
Despite the challenges, Dr. Barbosa highlighted significant progress in health outcomes, particularly due to advancements in vaccines and a reduction in infant mortality rates. “It’s not just about living more years, but ensuring they are quality years,” he stated, underscoring the importance of health equity.
The COVID-19 pandemic, while devastating, also provided valuable lessons. “We are currently working with countries in the region to strengthen preparedness and response capacity for future outbreaks and pandemics,” he said. This includes initiatives to improve vaccine access and production capabilities within the region.
Dr. Barbosa also pointed out that while vaccination rates have improved significantly, inequalities persist. “In many countries, overall coverage rates mask local disparities where the most vulnerable groups continue to lack access to vaccines,” he explained. This is a call to action for health professionals and policymakers alike.
Another critical issue he raised was maternal mortality, which surged during the pandemic. “Maternal mortality grew by almost 100 percent,” he noted, attributing this increase to both limited access to health services and the quality of care provided. He emphasized the need for the PAHO’s Zero Maternal Deaths initiative, which aims to address these alarming trends.
Dr. Barbosa also discussed the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which account for over 80% of deaths in the region. He urged for comprehensive public policies that promote healthy habits and improve living conditions, stating, “The health sector must lead, but with the support of sectors such as education, security, and social development.”
As he wrapped up his address, Dr. Barbosa encouraged health professionals to rethink traditional approaches and embrace innovative solutions. “How can I use the available data to identify those who have been left behind?” he challenged the audience, pushing for a proactive stance in addressing health inequities.
In a world where many predict that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 may not be achieved, Dr. Barbosa remains optimistic. “Even if we don’t achieve everything, we must get as close as possible,” he said, advocating for new strategies and technologies to create a more equitable future for all.
As we reflect on Dr. Barbosa’s insights, one question lingers: How can we, as a community, contribute to breaking the cycle of poverty and poor health in our region?
